#BAB

Union of Concerned Scientists, High and Dry: Why Genetic Engineering Is Not Solving Agriculture's Drought Problem in a Thirsty World http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/genetic-engineering/high-and-dry.htmlchments/original/GM-Crops-just-the-science.pdf?1321839924

 

American Academy of Environmental Medicine Position Paper on GMO http://www.aaemonline.org/gmopost.html

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Scientists at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at the University of Sherbrooke Hospital Centre in Quebec find pesticides in the blood of pregnant women and unborn babies. Traces of the toxin were found 93% of the pregnant mothers and in 80% of the umbilical cord blood. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338670

 

Over 130 Studies Regarding GMO Labeling http://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/labelgmos/pages/34/attachments/original/GM-Crops-just-the-science.pdf?1321839924

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Study linking GM maize to cancer must be taken seriously by regulators. Trial suggesting a GM maize strain causes cancer has attracted a torrent of abuse, but it cannot be swept under the carpet http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/28/study-gm-maize-cancer

    

Roundup Threat to Future of Food Safety by Microorganism Degradation Preventing Healthy Soil Conditions for Growth http://www.naturalnews.com/035221_Roundup_soil_health_food_supply.html

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US Geological Survey Studies by US Department of Interior Indicate Spread of Roundup Active Toxic Ingredient Glyphosate Through Water. 'Widely Used Herbicide Commonly Found in Rain and Streams in the Mississippi River Basin' due to use on GMO crops http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=2909

  

National Center for Biotechnology Information.gov Effects of Roundup(®) and Glyphosate on Three Food Microorganisms: Geotrichum candidum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus. Roundup is considered a microbicide and inhibitor of growth in lower levels than agricultural application comparing glyphosate alone to Roundup and its effect on common bacteria used to start industrial cheeses and raw dairy products http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362186

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Devastating Effects of Bayer Pesticide for GM Crops on Bee and Pollinating Insect Population http://www.non-gmoreport.com/articles/february2012/insecticideforGMcorntoxicbees.php

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Center for Food Safety Petition to the FDA with 1.1 million signatures, 55 Members of Congress Collect and Demand GMO Labeling, 36 GMO Labeling Bills Introduced in US, Nearly 50 Countries Require GMO Labeling http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/2012/03/27/record-breaking-one-million-public-comments-demand-fda-label-genetically-engineered-foods/

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50 countries with over 40% of the world’s population already label genetically engineered foods, *Link to the Mellman Survey Results showing a random national survey of 1000 Americans showing that 90% favor labeling and 5% oppose http://www.labelgmos.org/faqs

    

Genetically Engineered Food Labeling Laws Global Map http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/ge-map/

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Just Label It Regarding petition to the FDA of 1.1 million signatures to label GMOs 91% of the American people http://justlabelit.org/fda-responds-to-1-1-million/

    

Thomson Reuters 2010 Survey of National Healthcare Consumers regarding Genetically Engineered Foods showing 93.1% of 100,000 surveyed want GE foods labeled http://www.factsforhealthcare.com/pressroom/NPR_report_GeneticEngineeredFood.pdf

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University of Purdue Abstract Multiple Routes of GMO Associated Pesticide Exposure for Honeybees Living Near Agricultural Fields http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/research/2012/120111KrupkeBees.html

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Monsanto vs. US Farmers 2010 – Documents downloaded from Monsantoperformance.com meant to entice (or intimidate) potential seed buyers to choose GE seed, demonstrating the spread of contaminating GMO seed as Monsanto advertisement to potential GMO farmers demonstrates the lawsuits they have against “biopirate” farmers, the majority of whose fields are contaminated by GE seeds and will lose everything to Monsanto based on the company's track record. Blatantly advertising, “It's not worth the risk!” (to grow anything except our seed, or we will eventually contaminate your farm and sue you as we are suing these numbered offenders and you could lose everything simply by having a neighboring farm contaminated which we will call patent infringement including) threatening “Loss of technology license, loss of access to all traits, financial exposure up to $500/acre, litigation costs and crop destruct” if farmers choose to not buy GE seed. They then use the “pretrial cash settlement” money to put young kids on the agritech career track. http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Monsanto-v-US-Farmer-2010-Update-v.-2.pdf

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Statistics from the biotech industry indicating rapid contamination of conventional seed by GMO seed in US indicating GE monocropping on the near horizon http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/506.usa_cultivation_gm_plants_2009.html

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The Regulation of GMOs in Europe and the United States: A Case-Study of Contemporary European Regulatory Politics “Prince Charles also joined the public opposition to bioengineered crops. Stating that genetically-engineered foods take mankind into "realms that belong to God," the Prince cited concerns about long-term consequences for the environment and human health. [48] Leading chefs in the UK announced their opposition, calling for a moratorium on GMOs. Food writers also launched a campaign against GMOs, calling genetic engineering the equivalent of "imposing a genetic experiment on the public, which could have unpredictable and irreversible averse consequences." [49] Pictures of a "Frankenstein potato" appeared on the pages of The Economist.[50]” http://www.cfr.org/genetically-modified-organisms/regulation-gmos-europe-united-states-case-study-contemporary-european-regulatory-politics/p8688

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Chicago Tribune May 2011 To clarify the misconception that there are plenty of grocery stores that sell all non-GMO food for those interested at this point all grocery stores contain GMOs – food does still need to be labeled regardless of the retailer - 2006 study for the Pew Initiative for Food and Biotechnology found that only 23 percent of women (the primary shopping decision makers) thought genetically modified foods were safe. The same Pew study found that only 26 percent of American consumers believed they'd ever eaten genetically modified food, while a 2010 survey by the International Food Information Council reported that only 28 percent of respondents knew such foods were sold in stores. http://www.chicagotribune.com/health/ct-met-gmo-food-labeling--20110524,0,5841902.story​

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New York Times Opinion on GMO Labeling April 3, 2012 Why Aren’t G.M.O. Foods Labeled? http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/why-arent-g-m-o-foods-labeled/?ref=opinion2008​

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Waimea Residents Sue Pioneer http://thegardenisland.com/news/local/waimea-residents-sue-pioneer/article_82ff2c3e-2632-11e1-9ca7-001871e3ce6c.html​

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Syngenta Pesticides Poison Elementary School http://www.islandbreath.org/2006Year/16-farming/0616-20WaimeaPoison.html​

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Kauai Large Scale Die Off of Sea Urchins http://thegardenisland.com/news/local/large-scale-die-off-of-sea-urchins-discovered-off-kaumakani/article_16081484-5a1b-11e1-bca7-0019bb2963f4.html​

The Most Toxic Pesticide You'll Soon Be Eating, Rodale, Emily Main http://www.rodale.com/24-d-and-superweeds http://www.rodale.com/24-d-and-superweeds​

Herbicide (2,4-D) Increases Insect and Pathogen Pests on Corn I. N. OKA and DAVID PIMENTEL Science 16 July 1976: 239-240. [DOI:10.1126/science.193.4249.239] http://www.sciencemag.org/content/193/4249/239.abstract?sid=5f16e2e1-8ac1-46e0-883b-e6a10084b8e0​

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Growth Inhibitor in Immature Soybean Seeds and 2,4-D-Sprayed Soybean Seedlings. JOE L. KEY and DONALD S. GALITZ Science 13 November 1959: 1340-1341. [DOI:10.1126/science.130.3385.1340] http://www.sciencemag.org/content/130/3385/1340.abstract?sid=5f16e2e1-8ac1-46e0-883b-e6a10084b8e0

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2,4-D Herbicides Pose Threat to Cotton and Other Susceptible Crops. ROSS E. HUTCHINS Science 25 December 1953: 782-783. [DOI:10.1126/science.118.3078.782] http://www.sciencemag.org/content/118/3078/782.extract?sid=5f16e2e1-8ac1-46e0-883b-e6a10084b8e0​

Agent Orange Corn' Debate Rages As Dow Seeks Approval Of New Genetically Modified Seed. Lucia Graves, Huffington Post, April 26, 2012 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/26/enlist-dow-agent-orange-corn_n_1456129.html​

Neonicotinoid Pesticide Reduces Bumble Bee Colony Growth and Queen Production. Penelope R. Whitehorn, Stephanie O’Connor, Felix L. Wackers, and Dave Goulson Science 20 April 2012: 351-352.Published online 29 March 2012 [DOI:10.1126/science.1215025] http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6079/351.abstract?sid=1fea041e-9f07-40f2-953b-bcffc77962ac​

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Higes M, et al. Honeybee colony collapse due to Nosema ceranae in professional apiaries. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2009;1:110–113.​

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Decourtye A, Devillers J, Cluzeau S, Charreton M, Pham-Delègue M. Effects of imidacloprid and deltamethrin on associative learning in honeybees under semi-field and laboratory conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004;57:410–419.​

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A Common Pesticide Decreases Foraging Success and Survival in Honey Bees. Mickaël Henry, Maxime Béguin, Fabrice Requier, Orianne Rollin, Jean-François Odoux, Pierrick Aupinel, Jean Aptel, Sylvie Tchamitchian, and Axel Decourtye Science 20 April 2012: 348-350.Published online 29 March 2012 [DOI:10.1126/science.1215039] http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6079/348.abstract?sid=1fea041e-9f07-40f2-953b-bcffc77962ac​

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Widely Used Pesticides Are Killing Bees http://www.huffingtonpost.com/heather-pilatic/bees-pesticides-studies_b_1389499.html​

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In addition for your reference we are including the following pieces of scientific evidence compiled by the The Safe Food Foundation:​

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(a) Aris, A and Leblanc, S. (2011) "Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada" Reproductive Toxicology, 2011 May; 31(4):528-33. Epub 2011 Feb 18.​

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(b) Antoniou, M et al. (2011) "Roundup and birth defects: Is the public being kept in the dark?" Earth Open Source.​

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(1) Agodi, A. et al. (2006) "Detection of genetically modified DNA sequences in milk from The Italian market". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 209, 81-88.​

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(2) Benachour N, Sipahutar H, Moslemi S. et al. "Time- and dose- dependent effects of roundup on human embryonic and placental cells". Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007;53:126-133​

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(3) Benachour, N. and Seralini, G-E. 2008, "Glyphosate Formulations Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in Human Umbilical, Embryonic, and Placental Cells", Chemical Research in Toxicology, DOI: 10.1021/ tx800218n. Publication Date (Web): December 23, 2008​

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(4) Bernstein, I.L., Bernstein, J.A., Miller, M., Tierzieva, S., Bernstein, D.I., Lummus, Z., Selgrade, M.K., Doerfler, D.L. and Seligy, V.L. (1999). "Immune responses in farm workers after exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis pesticides", Environmental Health Perspectives 107, 575-582​

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(5) Chowdhury, EH., et al (2003) "Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11". Journal of Animal Science 81, 2546-2551.​

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(6) Cisterna B, Flach F, Vecchio L, Barabino SM, Battistelli S, Martin TE, Malatesta M, Biggiogera M. 2008, "Can a genetically- modified organism-containing diet influence embryo development? A preliminary study on pre-implantation mouse embryos". Eur J Histochem. 2008 Oct-Dec; 52(4):263-7.​

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(7) Duggan et al., 2003, "Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep", British Journal of Nutrition, 2003,​

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(8) Dutton, A., H. Klein, J. Romeis, and F. Bigler, 2002, "Uptake of Bt-toxin by herbivores feeding on transgenic maize and consequences for the predator Chrysoperia carnea," Ecological Entomology 27 (2002): 441–7​

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(9) Ermakova, I.V. 2006, "Genetically modified soy leads to the decrease of weight and high mortality of rat pups of the first generation. Preliminary studies," Ecosinform 1 (2006): 4–9.​

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(10) Ermakova, I.V. 2009. "Influence of soy with gene EPSPS CP4 on the physiological state and reproductive functions of rats in the first two generations," Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, "Modern problems of science and education" № 5, 2009. UDC: 612.82, 57.02​

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(11) Ewen S.W. and Pusztai A., 1999 "Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing Galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine'", Lancet, vol. 354, pp. 1353–1354.​

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(12) Fares NH, El-Sayed AK. 1998 "Fine structural changes in the ileum of mice fed on delta-endotoxin-treated potatoes and transgenic potatoes". Nat Toxins. 6: 219-33.​

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(13) Finamore A, Roselli M, Britti S, Monastra G, Ambra R, Turrini A and Mengheri E. (2008). "Intestinal and peripheral immune response to MON810 maize ingestion in weaning and old mice". J Agric Food Chem, 16 November 2008​

 

 

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(14) Fu, TJ. et al. (2002) "Digestibility of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid – A comparative study". Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 50, 7154-7160.​

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(15) Guerrero, GG. W.M. Russel and L. Moreno-Fierros, 2007: "Analysis of the cellular immune response induced by Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxins in mice: Effect of the hydrophobic motif from diphtheria toxin". Molecular Immunology 44, 1209-1217 (2007)).​

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(16) Kilic, A. and M. T. Akay (2008). "A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation". Food Chem. Toxicol. 46(3): 1164-1170.​

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(17) Kroghsbo S, Madsen C, Poulsen M, Schrøder M, Kvist PH, Taylor M, Gatehouse A, Shu Q, Knudsen I. "Immunotoxicological studies of genetically modified rice expressing PHA-E lectin or Bt toxin in Wistar rats". Toxicology. 2008 Mar 12;245(1-2):24-3​

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(18) Lutz, B. et al. (2005) "Degradation of Cry1Ab protein from genetically modified maize in the bovine gastrointestinal tract". Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, Published on Web, 10.1021/ jf0492222x, American Chemical Society.​

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(19) Malatesta, M., F Perdoni, G Santin, S Battistelli, S Muller, M Biggiogera (2008). "Hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells as a model for investigating the effects of low concentrations of herbicide on cell structure and function". Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Sep 18; : 18835430​

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(20) Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Gavaudon S. et al. 2002, "Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean". Cell Struct Function. 2002; 27:173-180​

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(21) Malatesta M, Biggiogera M, Manuali E. et al. 2003, "Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean". Eur J Histochem. 2003; 47:385-388​

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(22) Manuela Malatesta, Federica Boraldi, Giulia Annovi, Beatrice Baldelli, Serafina Battistelli, Marco Biggiogera, Daniela Quaglino. (2008) "A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing". Histochem Cell Biol. 2008 Jul 22; : 18648843​

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(23) Malatesta, M. et al. (2002b) "Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from mice fed on genetically modified soybean". Journal of Anatomy, 201, 409-446.​

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(24) Mazza R, Soave M, Morlacchini M, Piva G, Marocco A.(2005) "Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues". Transgenic Res. 2005 Oct;14(5):775-84.​

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(25) Netherwood, T. (2004) "Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract". Nature Biotechnology, 22, 204-209.​

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(26) Nordgård L , Grønsberg IM, Hegge B, Fenton K, Nielsen KM, Bardocz S, Pusztai A and Traavik T. 2009. An examination of the fate of feed-derived DNA in various tissue samples of actively growing rats, pregnant rats and their foeti. Submitted​

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(27) Prescott V.E., Campbell P.M., Moore A., Mattes J., Rothenberg M.E., Foster P.S., Higgins T.J. and Hogan S.P. 2005, "Transgenic expression of bean alpha-amylase inhibitor in peas results in altered structure and immunogenicity", J Agric Food Chem., vol 53, pp. 9023– 9030, ., 2005​

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(28) Pryme, IF and Rolf Lembcke, 2003, "In Vivo Studies on Possible Health Consequences of Genetically Modified Food and Feed—with Particular Regard to Ingredients Consisting of Genetically Modified Plan Materials," Nutrition and Health 17(2003): 1–8.​

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(29) Séralini GE, de Vendômois JS, Cellier D, Sultan C, Buiatti M, Gallagher L, Antoniou M, Dronamraju KR. "How Subchronic and Chronic Health Effects can be Neglected for GMOs, Pesticides or Chemicals". Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:438-443.​

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(30) Seralini GE, Cellier D, Spiroux de Vendomois J. 2007, "New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modified maize reveals signs of hepatorenal toxicity". Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007;52:596-602​

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(31) Sharma R, Alexander TW, John SJ, Forster RJ, McAllister TA. 2004, "Relative stability of transgene DNA fragments from GM rapeseed in mixed ruminal cultures". Br J Nutr. 2004 May;91(5):673-81.​

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(32) Sharma R, Damgaard D, Alexander TW, Dugan ME, Aalhus JL, Stanford K, McAllister TA. (2006) "Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in digesta and tissues of sheep and pigs fed Roundup Ready canola meal". J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 8;54(5): 1699-709.​

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(33) Tayabali AF and Seligy VL. 2000, "Human cell exposure assays of Bacillus thuringiensis commercial insecticides: production of Bacillus cereus-like cytolytic effects from outgrowth of spores". Environ Health Perspect 108: 919-930, (2000).​

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(34) Trabalza-Marinucci M, Brandi G, Rondini C, Avellini L, Giammarini C, Costarelli S, Acuti G, Orlandi C, Filippini G, Chiaradia E, Malatesta M, Crotti S, Antonini C, Amagliani G, Manuali E, Mastrogiacomo AR, Moscati L, Haouet MN, Gaiti A, Magnani M (2008). "A three year longitudinal study on the effects of a diet containing genetically modified Bt176 maize on the health status and performance on sheep". Livestock Sci 113:178–190​

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(35) Tudisco R, Lombardi P, Bovera F, d'Angelo D, Cutrignelli MI, Mastellone V, Terzi V, Avallone L, Infascelli F (2006) "Genetically modified soya bean in rabbit feeding: detection of DNA fragments and evaluation of metabolic effects by enzymatic analysis." Anim Sci 82:193–199​

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(36) RI. Vázquez, L. Moreno-Fierros, L. Neri-Bazán, G.A. De la Riva and R. López-Revilla: "Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protoxin is a potent systemic and mucosal adjuvant". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 49, 578-584 (1999);​

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(37) Vazquez Padron, R.I., Moreno Fierros, L., Neri Bazan, L., De la Riva, G.A. and Lopez Revilla, R. "Intragastric and intraperitoneal administration of Cry1Ac protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis induces systemic and mucosal antibody responses in mice". Life Sciences 64, 1897-1912. (1999);​

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(38) Vazquez-Padron, R.I., Moreno-Fierros, L., Neri-Bazan, L., Martinez-Gil, A.F., de la Riva, G.A. and Lopez-Revilla, R.(2000) "Characterization of the mucosal and sytemic immune response induced by Cry1Ac protein from Bacillus thuringiensis HD 73 in mice". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33, 147-155 (2000);​

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(39) Vazquez Padron, R.I., Gonzalez Cabrera, J., Garcia Tovar, C., Neri Bazan, L., Lopez Revilla, R., Hernandez, M., Morena Fierros, L. and De la Riva, G.A. (2000) "Cry1Ac protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis sp. kurstaki HD73 binds to surface proteins in the mouse small intestine". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 271, 54-58 (2000)).​

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(40) Vazquez-Padron, RI. Et al. (2000) "Characterization of the mucosal and systemic immune response induced by Cry1Ac protein from Bacillus thuringiensis HD 73 in mice". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33, 147-155.​

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(41) Vecchio L, Cisterna B, Malatesta M, Martin TE, Biggiogera M (2004) "Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modified soybean". Eur J Histochem 48:449–453​

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(42) Velimirov A, Binter C and Zentek J. (2008) "Biological effects of transgenic maize NK603xMON810 fed in long term reproduction studies in mice". Report, Forschungsberichte der Sektion IV, Band 3. Institut für Ernährung, and Forschungsinttitut für biologischen Landbau, Vienna, Austria, November 2008.​

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(43) Vendômois, JS, François Roullier, Dominique Cellier and Gilles- Eric Séralini. 2009, "A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health" . International Journal of Biological Sciences 2009; 5(7):706-726​

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(44) Yum, HY. (2005) "Genetically modified and wild soybeans: An immunologic comparison". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 26, 210-216.​

 

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